Sustainability - Professional Ethics

Why are ethics important in sustainability?

Professional ethics and independence are the foundation of trust in preparing, presenting, and assuring financial information.

They are equally important for non-financial information such as sustainability disclosures which are more subjective and future oriented.

What are the ethical standards for sustainability?

Currently, there are no specific ethical standards for sustainability reporting and sustainability assurance in Canada. The CPA Code of Professional Conduct (“CPA Code”) applies to all CPAs no matter what professional services they offer.  For example, CPAs providing sustainability assurance services would apply the existing independence rules for assurance engagements along with the fundamental principles.

On the international stage, in December 2024 the International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants (“IESBA”) approved the new International Ethics Standards for Sustainability Assurance (“IESSA”). The effective date of the final standards is expected to be December 2026 with early adoption permitted. Go to “Learn more – IESSA” section below for more information.

What is greenwashing and what are the ethical obligations of a CPA?

Greenwashing usually refers to the intentional practice of publishing misleading sustainability information which often gives users a false impression about how well an organization, or an investment is doing in relation to its sustainability goals.

The fundamental principles are the guiding principles within the CPA Code. The fundamental principle of objectivity requires CPAs to remain objective and not be influenced by bias or others. The CPA Code also addresses issues around false and misleading information under Rule 205 which requires CPAs to not associate with false or misleading information.

Ethics Standards for Sustainability Assurance (IESSA)

In December 2024, IESBA approved two new standards to establish the first comprehensive suite of global standards on ethical considerations in sustainability reporting and assurance:

  • The International Ethics Standards for Sustainability Assurance (IESSA), and related revisions to the International Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants, including International Independence Standards (“the Code”), setting a global benchmark for ethical behavior and independence in sustainability reporting and assurance;
  • Revisions to the Code on the Using the Work of an External Expert, establishing an ethical framework for evaluating the competence, capabilities and objectivity of external experts used by professional accountants and sustainability assurance practitioners.

These profession-agnostic standards set forth a framework of expected behaviours and ethics provisions for use by all sustainability practitioners with the aim to foster greater trust and confidence in sustainability information.